KPV
KPV stands for lysine–proline–valine, a three-residue peptide. The letters identify the residue order. To match a sample to a paper, also check the chemistry at each end of the peptide and the form in which the material was supplied. [1]
Reference entity and supplied material
ChEBI entry CHEBI:160254 shows Lys–Pro–Val with a free carboxylic acid at the valine end. If a specification or paper instead names a C-terminal amide, record that distinction before comparing masses or analytical results. A three-letter label alone cannot decide between those forms. [1]
| Field | Why it matters for KPV |
|---|---|
| Residue order | Confirms Lys–Pro–Val rather than a similar short sequence |
| Termini | Distinguishes the chemical entity used in the record |
| Salt and other constituents | Defines the supplied composition |
| Method | Must be suitable for the small molecule being measured |
| Quantity basis | Separates nominal fill from measured target content |
Ask what each method can resolve for a tripeptide. For example, amino acid composition can establish which residues are present, but hydrolysis removes the evidence of their order. Bachem’s analytical guide distinguishes composition, identity, chromatographic purity and content. [5]
What cell, mouse and formulation studies investigated
Dalmasso and colleagues examined uptake through the peptide transporter PepT1 in intestinal epithelial and immune cell lines and investigated responses in mouse colitis models. Kannengiesser and colleagues included mice with a nonfunctional melanocortin-1 receptor. Their findings suggest that part of the response in those mice could occur independently of that receptor. The two studies ask different mechanism questions. [2] [3]
Xiao and colleagues compared KPV delivery systems in a mouse model. Both comparators contained KPV-loaded nanoparticles in a hydrogel. One used hyaluronic-acid-functionalised particles. The difference between groups therefore concerns the delivery system as well as the peptide. It cannot establish an effect of a plain KPV vial in humans. [4]
The alpha-MSH and KPV lineage guide explains the sequence relationship. The KPV versus BPC-157 comparison focuses on identity and evidence, not promised outcomes.
Read the lot report across methods
When you read a lot report, look for the result identifying the intended terminal form, the chromatographic result and the method used to determine content. A peak-area percentage alone cannot tell you how many milligrams of that KPV form are present.
The KPV 10 mg product page gives the nominal vial amount. Through batch documentation, ask which form the 10 mg describes and which result connects that form to the lot offered.
The Certificate of Analysis guide provides a field-by-field route through the report, including the test, method, result and criterion.
Continue the material check
| Resource | Why open it |
|---|---|
| Repair and Tissue Research Peptides | Browse the tissue-research category and its distinct identity questions. |
| Compound Index | Find another molecular profile without confusing it with a vial. |
| Reading an HPLC Chromatogram | Interpret a chromatogram’s peaks and integration context. |
Sources and scope
- ChEBI. Lys-Pro-Val, CHEBI:160254.Lys–Pro–Val structure with a free terminal carboxylic acid. The entry describes a reference entity.
- Dalmasso et al. (2008). PepT1-mediated KPV uptake and inflammatory responses. Gastroenterology.Transporter uptake and inflammatory endpoints in cell lines, with separate mouse experiments.
- Kannengiesser et al. (2008). KPV in two mouse-colitis models. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Two mouse colitis models, including a receptor-deficient context. The authors qualify the extent of receptor independence.
- Xiao et al. (2017). KPV nanoparticle delivery in experimental colitis. Molecular Therapy.Comparison of hyaluronic-acid-functionalised and comparator nanoparticle systems in hydrogel, including a mouse model.
- Quality Control of Amino Acids & Peptides: A GuideThe manufacturer distinguishes amino acid composition, sequence evidence, relative chromatographic purity and material content.